Are Treasury Bills a Good Investment for Retirement Savings? (2024)

  • Retirement Planning
  • Retirement Savings Accounts

Why Opportunity Cost Needs to Be Considered

By

Sean Ross

Are Treasury Bills a Good Investment for Retirement Savings? (1)

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Sean Ross is a strategic adviser at 1031x.com, Investopedia contributor, and the founder and manager of Free Lances Ltd.

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Updated September 25, 2021

Reviewed by

Chip Stapleton

Reviewed byChip Stapleton

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Chip Stapleton is a Series 7 and Series 66 license holder, CFA Level 1 exam holder, and currently holds a Life, Accident, and Health License in Indiana. He has 8 years experience in finance, from financial planning and wealth management to corporate finance and FP&A.

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Whether or not Treasury bills (T-bills) make sense for your retirement portfolio depends in large part on how close you are to retirement. Making investment decisions for your retirement savings is all about balancing opportunity cost and risk.

Key Takeaways

  • T-bills are one of the safest investments, but their returns are low compared to most other investments.
  • When deciding if T-bills are a good fit for a retirement portfolio, opportunity cost and risk need to be considered.
  • In general, T-bills may be appropriate for investors who are nearing or in retirement.

T-bills are issued by the U.S. government and are considered among the safest investments in the world, so risk should never be a significant deterrent. However, the return on T-bills is typically quite low when compared to other types of securities, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. This is why the opportunity cost needs to be taken into account.

Opportunity Cost and T-bills Explained

Opportunity cost is a concept in microeconomics; it states that the real cost of any decision is the next-best alternative. For example, the opportunity cost of purchasing a $500 television is not really $500 but rather the next best use of that $500, such as the returns it might have earned if it were invested.

In the case of T-bills, the opportunity cost of investing is manifested in unrealized returns that might be had elsewhere in the market. T-bills are short-term, fixed-income security. They are sold in minimum increments of $100 and have maturity dates ranging from four to 52 weeks.

Generally, the longer the maturity date of a T-bill, the higher the interest rate it will pay.

The Treasury yield on a T-bill with a 52-week maturity is in the 0.07% range as of Sept. 2021, significantly lower than the returns of the stock market. On the other hand, the stock market has much more risk.

Balancing Opportunity Cost and Risk

Investors nearing or in retirement typically allocate a large portion of their portfolio to income-producing, conservative investments to protect their nest egg. Younger investors, on the other hand, are in the accumulation phase of saving for retirement and are able to take on more risk.

Let's take a look at examples of balancing opportunity cost and risk as it relates to T-bills and younger and older investors.

A 25-Year-Old Investor

A 25-year-old worker who invests in T-bills for retirement is likely to earn only a fraction of what the average stock market returns would be over the next 40 working years. Since the worker is better able to absorb fluctuations in the market over the next several decades, there is very little reason to invest in T-bills for retirement.

A 60-Year-Old Investor

A 60-year-old worker, however, is a different story. With retirement much closer, Treasury bills offer very real security for any funds saved up to this point.

Workers at this stage in life have less time to recover from losses incurred by an aggressive portfolio in a bad market. The difference in returns between T-bills and equities is also much smaller because there is much less time for the difference to compound. This is not to say that T-bills are necessarily the worker's best bet, especially since the maturities are less than a year, but they make more sense for older investors.

Article Sources

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  1. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. "Estimating Yields on Treasury Securities."

  2. TreasuryDirect. "Treasury Bills In Depth."

  3. U.S. Department of the Treasury. "Daily Treasury Bill Rates Data."

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Are Treasury Bills a Good Investment for Retirement Savings? (2024)

FAQs

Are Treasury Bills a Good Investment for Retirement Savings? ›

T-bills are one of the safest investments, but their returns are low compared to most other investments. When deciding if T-bills are a good fit for a retirement portfolio, opportunity cost and risk need to be considered. In general, T-bills may be appropriate for investors who are nearing or in retirement.

Are Treasury bills good for retirement? ›

A portfolio that includes Treasury bonds, bills, or notes, provides safety and helps to preserve their savings since Treasuries are considered risk-free investments. With their consistent interest payments, T-bonds can offer an ideal income stream after the employment paychecks cease.

Should I buy treasuries in a retirement account? ›

If investing in a tax-sheltered account, like an individual retirement account (IRA) or a 401(k), the tax benefits that Treasuries provide disappear, because earnings in these types of accounts are not subject to income taxes.

Are Treasury bills a good investment? ›

Are Treasury bills a good investment? Ultimately, whether Treasury bills are a good fit for your portfolio depends on your risk tolerance, time horizon and financial goals. T-bills are known to be low-risk short-term investments when held to maturity since the U.S. government guarantees them.

Why buy a CD over a Treasury bill? ›

CD and Treasury bill rates offer similar rates for terms of one to six months. CDs are paying higher rates than Treasury bills and Treasury notes for terms of one to five years. Treasuries are exempt from state income taxes, which is an important advantage when rates are nearly the same.

Are Treasury bills good during a recession? ›

During a recession, investing in cash and cash equivalents becomes a strategic choice for investors who are hoping to preserve their capital and maintain liquidity. Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid assets with minimal risk, such as Treasury bills, money market funds and certificates of deposit.

What is the downside of buying Treasuries? ›

But while they are lauded for their security and reliability, potential drawbacks such as interest rate risk, low returns and inflation risk must be carefully considered. If you're interested in investing in Treasury bonds or have other questions about your portfolio, consider speaking with a financial advisor.

What is a better investment than Treasury bills? ›

Compared with Treasury notes and bills, Treasury bonds usually pay the highest interest rates because investors want more money to put aside for the longer term. For the same reason, their prices, when issued, go up and down more than the others.

Should I move my 401k to Treasury bonds? ›

Bottom Line. Moving 401(k) assets into bonds could make sense if you're closer to retirement age or you're generally a more conservative investor overall. However, doing so could potentially cost you growth in your portfolio over time.

Are Treasury bills safer than bank accounts? ›

A Treasury bill, or T-bill, is a short-term debt obligation backed by the U.S. Treasury Department. It's one of the safest places you can save your cash, as it's backed by the full faith and credit of the government. T-bills are auctioned off at a discount and then redeemed at maturity for the full amount.

Do you pay capital gains on Treasury bills? ›

Conclusion. The interest income earned on Treasury bills is taxable at the federal level, and earnings from Treasury bills sold on the secondary market can be taxed via capital gains taxes.

What happens when a T-bill matures? ›

When the bill matures, you are paid its face value. You can hold a bill until it matures or sell it before it matures.

Can Treasury bills lose value? ›

Inflation can exceed the investment return and eat into the principal's value. T-bills become less attractive to investors in highly inflationary environments. Interest rates. T-bills become less attractive to investors when interest rates rise since they can receive higher interest income elsewhere.

How to ladder T-bills? ›

How do you make a Treasury Bill ladder? Building a T-Bill ladder is relatively simple. You need to purchase several T-Bills with staggered maturity dates. You can buy & build a T-bill ladder through most brokerage firms or through treasurydirect.gov.

Why is CD not a good financial investment? ›

Banks and credit unions can penalize savers who withdraw CD funds before maturity. CD rates may not be high enough to keep pace with inflation when consumer prices rise. Investing money in the stock market could generate much higher returns than CDs.

How much will I make on a 4 week treasury bill? ›

4 Week Treasury Bill Rate is at 5.28%, compared to 5.28% the previous market day and 4.32% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 1.41%. The 4 Week Treasury Bill Rate is the yield received for investing in a US government issued treasury bill that has a maturity of 4 weeks.

How much can you make on a 3 month treasury bill? ›

Basic Info. 3 Month Treasury Bill Rate is at 5.26%, compared to 5.26% the previous market day and 5.28% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 4.19%. The 3 Month Treasury Bill Rate is the yield received for investing in a government issued treasury security that has a maturity of 3 months.

Are Treasury bills taxed as capital gains? ›

When short term T bills mature, the interest income is mistakenly shown as capital gains in tax reports. The interest is taxable on Fed, tax exempt on most states. T bills are short term zero coupon purchased at a discount and paid at face vale at maturity.

How much does a $1000 T-bill cost? ›

To calculate the price, take 180 days and multiply by 1.5 to get 270. Then, divide by 360 to get 0.75, and subtract 100 minus 0.75. The answer is 99.25. Because you're buying a $1,000 Treasury bill instead of one for $100, multiply 99.25 by 10 to get the final price of $992.50.

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