Forex /
Milan Cutkovic
- Forex
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- Volatile
- Currency
- Pairs
With so much volatility in the market, it can be tough to predict exactly which currency pairs will be the most volatile in 2022. However, we have compiled a list of the most volatile currency pairs, along with some of the least volatile and the most liquid based on trends and forecasts from the forex markets.
It's important for traders to conduct their own technical analysis on these currencies before investing as they may not provide a stable return on investment if their value fluctuates too much. The US Dollar is historically more stable than other major world currencies but some exotic crosses with the USD can be very volatile at times.
As part of a strong forex trading strategy, it's smart to monitor the US Dollar Index to see the value of the United States Dollar against the basket of other important currencies.
It's also worth noting that there are two types of volatility: "good" and "bad". If you're looking for some ways to capitalise on forex volatility while minimising risk then keep reading because we will look at the different groups of currency pairs and the most volatile and least volatile ones. Furthermore, we will discuss how to trade forex focusing on the volatile currencies identified.
What isvolatility?
In forex trading, volatility is a measure of the extent of changes in a currency's value. It is measured by standard deviation – which is how much a price deviates from its mean. A volatile currency will see its value often deviate from the average. The most volatile currencies will generally have lower levels of liquidity, which means there are greater chances of drastic price movements in either direction or significant weekend gaps.
What are the most volatile forex pairs?
The most volatile currency pairs can sometimes be hard to determine since volatility can impact different currencies at different times. The below pairs have generally seen times of high volatility.
AUD/JPY
What makes AUD/JPY (Australian Dollar vs. Japanese Yen) an interesting currency pair is the inverse relationship between those two major currencies. The Australian Dollar tends to be in demand when traders have a risk appetite, while the Japanese Yen is a traditional safe haven currency people turn to in times of turbulence. The currency pair sees high volatility as it is highly sensitive to changes in market sentiment.
CAD/JPY
The Canadian Dollar has an inverse relationship to the Japanese Yen, just as the Australian Dollar. With Canada being a major oil producer, CAD is sensitive to a change in oil prices. Volatility in oil has picked up significantly since the beginning of the pandemic, making CAD pairs - and thus CAD/JPY - increasingly volatile.
GBP/AUD
GBP volatility has been steadily rising since Brexit, and GBP/AUD has seen the highest intraday volatility amongst the GBP crosses.
USD/MXN
The Mexican Peso is one of the most liquid emerging market currencies, but still a volatile one. The oil price has a significant impact on the direction of the currency. Other factors are interest rate differentials and geopolitics.
USD/ZAR
The South African Rand is considered a commodity currency due to South Africa being a major commodity exporter. ZAR has traditionally seen higher volatility due to political factors and fluctuations in the commodities markets. The currency tends to perform better when markets are in "risk-on" mode.
USD/THB
Volatility in the Thai Baht has picked up since the beginning of the pandemic. It is a popular emerging market currency as it is fairly liquid while its volatility creates trading opportunities.
What are the least volatile currency pairs in forex?
Now that we have covered the most volatile pairs, let's look at the least volatile currency pairs. Generally speaking, the major currency pairs are seen as the least volatile because they have historically been the most traded currencies among traders.
EUR/CHF
The Swiss Franc is a stable currency and is seen as a safe haven. Except for the black swan event in 2015 and a few occasional "incidents", the CHF does not move much, especially against other major currencies such as the Euro and the US Dollar.
USD/JPY
Both the US Dollar and the Japanese Yen are traditionally seen as safe havens, so the price swings can be limited, depending on the market environment. This can change when interest rates are rising in the United States while remaining low in Japan, as the USD/JPY would then become a popular carry trade.
What are the most liquid currency pairs in forex?
EUR/USD is the most liquid forex pair and represents 20-30% of the forex market by trading volume. According to the Bank for International Settlements Triennial Bank Survey, EUR/USD accounted for 24% of all trading volume in April 2019.
USD/JPY comes second with the Japanese Yen being one of the most heavily traded currencies and a major safe-haven currency too. The same report documented that the Japanese Yen was the third most traded currency, being involved in 16.8% of foreign exchange trades.
GBP/USD is the third most liquid currency pair with the British Pound one of the most popular currencies globally.
AUD/USD takes fourth place, with the Australian Dollar as a major commodity currency. The AUD is particularly in demand when markets are in "risk-on" mode and with carry traders trading the interest rate differential (e.g. buying the high-yielding Aussie Dollar against the low-yielding Japanese Yen).
USD/CAD comes in fifth in this ranking. Canada is one of the largest economies in the world and a major oil exporter. Theprice of oilhas therefore a large impact on the direction of theCanadian Dollar.
What is the difference between trading currency pairs with high volatility versus low volatility?
Currency pairs can generally be divided into the following three categories:
Major pairs
The major currency pairs include the most actively traded currency pairs in the forex market such as EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/JPY, and USD/CHF. The US Dollar, Swiss Franc, and Japanese Yen are considered to be safe-haven currencies.
Minor pairs
Minor currency pairs are pairs that do not include the US Dollar but include at least one of the world's other major currencies. Examples of this are EUR/GBP, GBP/JPY, and CAD/CHF.
Exotic pairs
Exotics usually consist of a major currency traded against a less traded currency or emerging market currency. These present some of the highest volatility readings and include pairs like USD/TRY, USD/MXN, and EUR/RUB.
Exotic currency pairs will generally see higher volatility, while major currency pairs tend to be less volatile. The reason for this is liquidity - currencies such as the Euro, British Pound, and Swiss Franc have deep liquidity while emerging market currencies such as the Turkish Lira, South African Rand, and South Korean Won will have far less liquidity available.
Liquidity can be described as the ability to buy or sell a certain currency without causing a significant market move. For example, an order to buy 50 million EUR/USD will hardly move this highly liquid currency pair, while it could have a notable impact on an exotic currency pair such as USD/TRY. Less liquid currency pairs also tend to have a widespread, which increases the costs of trading for the forex trader.
How to trade currency pair volatility?
To determine which currency pairs are the most suitable ones, a trader must first have a look at their trading strategy. A trader utilising a range trading strategy will want to avoid exotic currency pairs but rather look at major currency pairs and certain minor pairs such as EUR/CHF and EUR/GBP.
On the other hand, a trader that is using a breakout or trend-following strategy might want to look at volatile currency pairs - which could be anything from minor pairs such as EUR/JPY and GBP/JPY to exotic pairs like USD/ZAR and USD/TRY. Of course, major currency pairs should not be disregarded completely, but traders should closely monitor the different levels of volatility in those.
The risk appetite of a trader is also an important factor. While you could take a large risk trading any currency pair, risk-averse traders might feel more comfortable trading currency pairs with less volatility as they cannot stomach the volatility and sharp reversals that come with certain FX pairs such as the Turkish Lira and South African Rand crosses.
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This information is not to be construed as a recommendation; or an offer to buy or sell; or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any security, financial product, or instrument; or to participate in any trading strategy. It has been prepared without taking your objectives, financial situation, or needs into account. Any references to past performance and forecasts are not reliable indicators of future results. Axi makes no representation and assumes no liability regarding the accuracy and completeness of the content in this publication. Readers should seek their own advice.
Milan Cutkovic
Milan Cutkovic has over eight years of experience in trading and market analysis across forex, indices, commodities, and stocks. He was one of the first traders accepted into the Axi Select programme which identifies highly talented traders and assists them with professional development.
As well as being a trader, Milan writes daily analysis for the Axi community, using his extensive knowledge of financial markets to provide unique insights and commentary. He is passionate about helping others become more successful in their trading and shares his skills by contributing to comprehensive trading eBooks and regularly publishing educational articles on the Axi blog, His work is frequently quoted in leading international newspapers and media portals.
Milan is frequently quoted and mentioned in many financial publications, including Yahoo Finance, Business Insider, Barrons, CNN, Reuters, New York Post, and MarketWatch.
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