Treasury Bills Are Paying Above 5%. Here’s Why It Matters - NerdWallet (2024)

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What is a Treasury bill?

Treasury bills — or T-bills — are short-term U.S. debt securities issued by the federal government that mature over a time period of four weeks to one year. Since the U.S. government backs T-bills, they're considered lower-risk investments.

The most common terms for T-bills are for four, eight, 13, 17, 26 and 52 weeks. The shorter terms to maturity differentiate them from other Treasury-issued securities.

🤓Nerdy Tip

While interest rates and inflation can affect Treasury bill rates, they’re generally considered a lower-risk (but lower-reward) investment than other debt securities. Treasury bills are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. If held to maturity, T-bills are considered virtually risk-free.

How Treasury bills work

Treasury bills are assigned a par value (or face value), which is what the bill is worth if held to maturity. You buy bills at a discount — a price below par — and profit from the difference at the end of the term.

While T-bills don’t pay interest like other Treasurys, the difference between your discounted price and the par value is essentially the "interest" earned. It's as simple as that — you gave the government a short-term loan by buying T-bills, and they paid you back with "interest" at the end of the term.In other words, T-bills pay no interest payments leading up to their maturity.

» Learn more: What are fixed-income securities?

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T-bill purchase example

To see how a Treasury bill purchase works, let's look at a Treasury bill auction. On February 28, 2024, the Treasury held an auction for a 17-week Treasury bill with an issue date of March 5 and a maturity date of July 2. The price per $100 amounted to about $98.27, or an annualized discount rate (shown as "high rate" in TreasuryDirect) of 5.225%.

If you set your purchase price to be $1,000 for this auction, you would have paid $982.73 on March 5. On July 2, you'd receive $1,000, earning $17.27 on your investment.

Now, if you were to theoretically reinvest in this T-bill for one year, you could arrive at an annual investment rate for your 17-week T-bill based on the actual purchase price of $982.73.

To explore how this works, use our T-bill calculator below.

Treasury bill rates compared to other Treasury securities

Treasury bills, notes and bonds are three types of U.S. debt securities that mainly differ in the length of maturity (shortest to longest). Treasury notes are intermediate-term investments that mature in two, three, five, seven and 10 years. Treasury bonds mature in 20 or 30 years. Unlike T-bills, Treasury notes and Treasury bonds pay interest every six months. Below are the current rates for various Treasury securities:

» Learn more: Treasury bonds vs. notes vs. bills

Are Treasury bills a good investment?

Ultimately, whether Treasury bills are a good fit for your portfolio depends on your risk tolerance, time horizon and financial goals.

T-bills are known to be low-risk short-term investments when held to maturity since the U.S. government guarantees them. Investors owe federal taxes on any income earned but no state or local tax.

However, Treasury bills also typically earn lower returns than other debt securities and even some certificates of deposit. As a result, Treasury bills may be most advantageous to conservative investors who are less willing to take risks but still want to earn a little interest.

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Treasury Bills Are Paying Above 5%. Here’s Why It Matters - NerdWallet (4)

What causes Treasury bill rates to fall?

Keep in mind that economic growth or decline, interest rates and inflation can affect Treasury bill rates. Here's how it works.

Demand for T-bills often drops during inflationary periods if the discount rate offered doesn't keep pace with the inflation rate.

The Federal Reserve sets lending rates between banks. It can lower the rate to encourage lending or raise the rate to contract the amount of money in the economy. When interest rates are high, as in 2023, investors tend to look toward higher-yield investment options and away from lower-yield Treasury bills.

Frequently asked questions

How can I buy a T-bill?

You can buy Treasury bills directly from the government at TreasuryDirect.gov or through a brokerage account. TreasuryDirect is straightforward and accessible to anyone with internet access, a taxpayer identification number or Social Security number, a U.S. address, and a checking or savings account to link for payment.

What kind of interest payments will I receive on a T-bill?

Treasury bills are a type of “zero coupon bond” and don't pay a fixed interest rate. Instead, they are sold at a discount rate to their face value. The “interest” you receive (so to speak) is the difference between the face value of the bill and its discount rate when it matures.

Where can I receive a hard copy of the T-Bill I bought?

T-bills are now only available in electronic form.

Next Steps:

  • Compare the best online brokers for buying bonds

  • How to buy Treasurys

  • What a brokerage account is and how to open one

  • The 10-year Treasury yield: What it is and why it matters

Treasury Bills Are Paying Above 5%. Here’s Why It Matters - NerdWallet (2024)

FAQs

Why people don t invest in Treasury bill? ›

Taxes: Treasury bills are exempt from state and local taxes but still subject to federal income taxes. That makes them less attractive holdings for taxable accounts. Investors in higher tax brackets might want to consider short-term municipal securities instead.

Why am I losing money on Treasury bills? ›

T-bills pay a fixed rate of interest, which can provide a stable income. However, if interest rates rise, existing T-bills fall out of favor since their return is less than the market. T-bills have interest rate risk, which means there is a risk that existing bondholders might lose out on higher rates in the future.

What is the truth about Treasury bills? ›

Treasury bills are a type of “zero coupon bond” and don't pay a fixed interest rate. Instead, they are sold at a discount rate to their face value. The “interest” you receive (so to speak) is the difference between the face value of the bill and its discount rate when it matures.

Are Treasury bills 100% safe? ›

A Treasury bill, or T-bill, is a short-term debt obligation backed by the U.S. Treasury Department. It's one of the safest places you can save your cash, as it's backed by the full faith and credit of the government. T-bills are auctioned off at a discount and then redeemed at maturity for the full amount.

What is one downside to investing in Treasuries? ›

Cons of Investing in Treasury Bonds

Interest rate risk: As interest rates ascend, the value of existing bonds with lower interest rates tends to diminish, potentially leading to capital losses if the bonds are sold prior to maturity.

Should I put all my money in Treasury bills? ›

Treasury bills, or T-bills, can be appealing because you're not required to tie up your money for a long period. However, they're not necessarily right for every kind of investor. You may want to consult with a financial advisor, who can advise you about T-bills, stocks and other types of investments.

Are Treasury bills good during a recession? ›

Treasury performance through recessions

While recessions are challenging for investors, declining interest rates can be beneficial to the fixed income segment of a diversified investor's portfolio.

Are Treasury bills better than CDs? ›

If you're saving for a goal less than a year away: If you're saving money for a goal with a short-time horizon, T-bills can make more sense than CDs. They provide a higher APY than savings accounts, and they're more liquid than CDs.

Are Treasury bills taxed as capital gains? ›

When short term T bills mature, the interest income is mistakenly shown as capital gains in tax reports. The interest is taxable on Fed, tax exempt on most states. T bills are short term zero coupon purchased at a discount and paid at face vale at maturity.

What happens when a T-bill matures? ›

When the bill matures, you are paid its face value. You can hold a bill until it matures or sell it before it matures.

How much does a $1000 T bill cost? ›

To calculate the price, take 180 days and multiply by 1.5 to get 270. Then, divide by 360 to get 0.75, and subtract 100 minus 0.75. The answer is 99.25. Because you're buying a $1,000 Treasury bill instead of one for $100, multiply 99.25 by 10 to get the final price of $992.50.

How much will I make on a 4 week treasury bill? ›

4 Week Treasury Bill Rate is at 5.28%, compared to 5.28% the previous market day and 4.32% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 1.41%. The 4 Week Treasury Bill Rate is the yield received for investing in a US government issued treasury bill that has a maturity of 4 weeks.

What are the risks of investing in Treasury bills? ›

T-bills are considered risk-free because you can be certain you'll get your money back. But risk and return are directly proportional, and T-bills offer very low returns on investment. Consequently, if you invest in T-bills, there's a risk you're foregoing the opportunity to earn a higher return elsewhere. Inflation.

Can I buy more than $10,000 in Treasury bills? ›

Is there a maximum amount I can buy? In a calendar year, one Social Security Number or one Employer Identification Number may buy: up to $10,000 in electronic I bonds, and. up to $5,000 in paper I bonds (with your tax refund)

How much do you make on a 3 month T-bill? ›

3 Month Treasury Bill Rate is at 5.25%, compared to 5.25% the previous market day and 5.12% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 4.19%. The 3 Month Treasury Bill Rate is the yield received for investing in a government issued treasury security that has a maturity of 3 months.

Why not buy Treasuries? ›

Interest Rate Risk

Just as prices can rise in an economy, so too can interest rates. As a result, Treasury bonds are exposed to interest rate risk. If interest rates are rising in an economy, the existing T-bond and its fixed interest rate may underperform newly issued bonds, which would pay a higher interest rate.

Why do investors purchase T-bills instead of a government bond? ›

T-bonds typically mature in 20 or 30 years and offer the highest coupons or interest, which are paid twice yearly. T-notes mature from two to 10 years, with semiannual interest payments but usually lower yields than T-bonds. T-bills have the shortest periods before maturity, from four weeks to a year.

Why are Treasury bills nearly a risk free investment? ›

The risk-free rate is the rate of return of an investment with no risk of loss. Most often, either the current Treasury bill, or T-bill, rate or long-term government bond yield are used as the risk-free rate. T-bills are considered nearly free of default risk because they are fully backed by the U.S. government.

What are the disadvantages of Treasury stock? ›

What are the Limitations of Treasury Stock?
  • No voting rights.
  • Not entitled to receive dividends.
  • Not included in the calculation of outstanding shares.
  • Do not exercise preemptive rights as a shareholder.
  • Not entitled to receive net assets in case the company liquidates.

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